Motive Power Review: Rotary Snowplow Survivors

Revised 6 May 2001
Version 2.04
Compiled and Maintained by: Andrew Toppan
Motive Power Reivew Main Page: http://www.hazegray.org/rail/


A Brief History of the Rotary Snowplow

The first rotary plow was designed in 1869 by Toronto dentist J.W. Elliot. His design, similar to but more primitive than the later Leslie type, was never built. Several other early plow ideas also died a similar death. Some were constructed in prototype form and scrapped, while others never were constructed at all.. These included the Hawley plow, the Marshall plow, the Blake Machine Plow and the Kryger steam snow shovel.

The first successful rotary plow was designed by Canadian Orange Jull. He had the plow built by the Leslie Brothers, owners of a machine shop, and tested it in the winter of 1883-84. The Leslies' soon purchased the manufacturing rights to the plow and went into business building 'Leslie type' rotaries. This is the type of plow most people think of when you say 'rotary.' It has one large circular plow blade rotating on a shaft parallel to the tracks.

Between 1885 and 1903 the Leslies had 62 plows (plus 2 for export) built by several locomotive works. They then sold the rights to the plows to ALCo. However, the Leslies' company exists to this day. From 1905 to 1937 ALCo built 67 plows (plus 4 for export). Two homebuilt, 42 inch gauge Leslie plows were built by Reid Newfoundland. Lima-Hamilton built the last four commercially produced steam rotaries (and the last commercial Leslie types) in 1949-50, under license from ALCo.

Five homebuilt Leslie types (4 diesel, 1 electric) were built between 1950 and 1971. The one plow constructed in 1971, by Union Pacific, was the last Leslie type built. Over the years Leslies were built in US Standard Gauge, 3 foot gauge, and 42 inch gauge, and possibly other gauges for export. Of the 146 known Leslie type plows, there are 41 known survivors, and 5 probable/unconfirmed survivors.


There also were several other types of plows, some successful, some not:

Jull Centrifugal Snow Excavators:
Orange Jull, the inventor of the Leslie type plow, decided to build plows to another design to compete with the Leslies. Between 1890 and 1892, 11 Jull type plows were built. These plows had a large spiral screw placed diagonally across the front of the plow to clear the snow. They were not as good in deep or heavy snow as the Leslies, and never really caught on. All 11 are now scrapped.

Cyclone Snowplow:
This device was invented by E.P. Caldwell. It featured a large spiral screw projecting forward from the body of the plow - imagine a very large tapered drill bit mounted on the front of a boxcar. The only plow of this type was scrapped in 1904.

Bros 'Sno Flyr' and 'Sno Meltr':
These plows were a result of the severe winter of 1949 (see below). The Flyr was a snowblower-type machine, and the Meltr was a snow melting machine. Neither type was particularly successful, and only three were built.

Snowblower-type machines:
In recent years several non-Leslie rotary plows have been built. These plows generally use two large snowblowers, essentially larger versions of a driveway snowblower. These plows are included in this list, but they are more like a highway or runway snowblower than a true railroad rotary plow.

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Post-Steam Era Evolution

The winter of 1949 was particularly harsh, and the northern and western railroads were buried in snow. The then-standard steam rotaries proved incapable of dealing with the huge amounts of snow. The railroads looked at several possible solutions to the problem of insufficient plowing ability: In the years following 1949, many steam plows were converted to electric power. Nearly all rotaries now in service are former steam plows that have been converted. Initially most would have been powered by "standard" diesel locomotives that had undergone minimal modifications for the plow-power role. Today, most of these plows get their power from an old locomotives that have been stripped of traction motors and semi-permanently coupled to the plow.

The Burlington Northern (now BNSF) plows are powered by former F9As and F9Bs converted to Rotary Snowplow Power Units (RSPUs). The 10 GP28Ps acquired during the 1990's are equipped to power the rotaries as well, so the RSPU fleet has been gradually declining.

Southern Pacific's converted plows (now part of Union Pacific's fleet) are powered by former F7Bs known as "Snails". These units have their original 16-567B prime movers and the original steam generators, and are semi-permanently coupled to the rotaries. Although the snails and plows originally had matching numbers (MW820x+MW20x), the pairs have been switched around, so the numbers no longer match.

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Union Pacific Rotary Snowplows
(and predecessor roads)

Listed in order by current owner, then by current number
Owner, Location: California State Railroad Museum, Sacramento, CA Current Number: SP MW210 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Schenectady), 10/1937, #69019 History: nee SP 7210
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' Modifications: Converted from steam, 1968
Status: Display Notes: Retired 1983

Owner, Location: Forney Museum, Denver, CO Current Number: UP 900099 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 12/1909, #43670 History: ex UP 099, exx LNP&W 099, exxx CW&E 099, nee LHP&P 099
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Display Notes: None

Owner, Location: (City of) Hanna, WY Current Number: UP 900098
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 12/1917, #56162 History: ex UP 098, exx LNP&W 098, nee CRN 9
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Display Notes: None

Owner, Location: (City of) Hermiston, OR Current Number: UP 900076 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Lima-Hamilton, 12/1949, #9388 History: nee UP 076
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Display Notes: Retired 6/1985. Last steam rotary on Class 1 railroad; last used on the Rock Island, 3/1977

Owner, Location: (City of) Hermiston, OR Current Number: UP 900083 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 2/1910, #46931 History: ex CMStP&P (MILW) X900212, nee CM&PS 14
Power: Electric Modifications: Converted from steam power to electric (catenary) by MILW; to UP 1982 and converted to locomotive-powered electric.
Status: Display Notes: Retired 1988

Owner, Location: Illinois Railway Museum, Union, IL Current Number: UP 900075 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Lima-Hamilton, 12/1949, #9387 History: nee UP 075
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Display Notes: Retired 4/1979. Formerly at Kansas City RR Museum

Owner, Location: Mid Continent Railway Museum, North Freedom, WI Current Number: OSL 762
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Rodgers), 11/1912, #51166 History: ex UP 900051, exx UP 051, exxx UP 02011, nee OSL 762
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Operational, display, last use reported 1985 Notes: None

Owner, Location: Museum of Transport, St. Louis, MO Current Number: UP 900081 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: UP Omaha Shops, 1966, no serial History: No renumberings
Power: Diesel, 3000 hp Modifications: None known
Status: Display Notes: Retired & donated 1994

Owner, Location: Ogden Historical Society, Odgen, UT Current Number: UP 900061
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Rodgers), 11/1912, #51167 History: ex UP 061, exx OWR&N, nee OR&NCo
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Display Notes: None

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, Sparks, NV Current Number: SP MW205 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1920, #56591 History: ex SP 7205, exx SP 706, nee SP 715
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' MW8205 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1958
Status: Stored, no recent operation Notes: Possibly to be relocated or retired

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, Eugene, OR Current Number: SP MW206
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1923, #65353 History: ex SP 7206, exx SP 710, nee SP 709
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' MW8206 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1958
Status: Stored, no recent operation Notes: None

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, unknown location Current Number: SP MW207
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Brooks), 10/1926, #67038 History: ex SP 7207, exx SP 711, nee SP 708
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' MW8207 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1967
Status: Unknown, last use reported 1995 Notes: Last reported at Roseville, CA; no longer on UP roster

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, Sparks, NV Current Number: SP MW208
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Brooks), 9/1927, #67429 History: ex SP 7208, exx SP 712, nee SP 707
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' (none currently assigned) Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1970
Status: Stored, no recent use Notes: Possibly to be relocated or retired

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, Roseville, CA Current Number: SP MW209 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Brooks), 9/1929, #68038 History: ex SP 7209, exx SP 713, nee SP 706
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' MW8208 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1968
Status: Operational, last use reported 2/1998 Notes: None

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, Roseville, CA Current Number: SP MW211 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Schenectady), 10/1937, #69020 History: nee SP 7211
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' MW8211 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1957
Status: Operational, last use reported 2/1998 Notes: None

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, unknown location Current Number: SP MW221 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1922, #58143 History: ex SP 7221, exx SP 708, nee SP 717
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' MW8221 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1966
Status: Unknown Notes: Last reported at Roseville, CA; no longer on UP roster

Owner, Location: Union Pacfic, unknown location Current Number: SP MW222
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1923, #65353 History: ex SP 7222, exx SP 709, nee SP 718
Power: Electric, power from F7B 'Snail' (none currently assigned) Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1958
Status: Unknown, no recent use Notes: Last reported at Roseville, CA; no longer on UP roster

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, Council Bluffs, IA Current Number: UP 900080 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Union Pacific Omaha Shops, 1958, no serial History: nee UP 080
Power: Diesel, 16-567C, 1750 hp Modifications: None known
Status: Operational, last use reported 1997 Notes: Homebuilt, using some components of an older rotary

Owner, Location: Union Pacific, Council Bluffs, IA Current Number: UP 900082 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Union Pacific Omaha Shops, 1971, no serial History: No renumberings
Power: Diesel, 2500 hp Modifications: None known
Status: Operational, last use reported 1997 Notes: None

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Burlington Northern Santa Fe Rotary Snowplows
(and predecessor roads)

Listed in order by current owner, then by current number
Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Topeka, KS Current Number: ATSF 199361 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Cooke, 12/1892, #44 History: ex ATSF 199398, exx ATSF 199802, nee ATSF 99802
Power: Electric, power from a slug mother/locomotive Modifications: Converted from steam power, 11/1959, using frame and trucks from the tender of 4-8-4 #3765
Status: Operational, last use reported 1/1997 Notes: Broke down when clearing snow in 1997

Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Grand Forks, ND Current Number: BN 972550
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 12/1906, #41454 History: ex NP 43, exx D&SL 10201, nee DNW&P 10201
Power: Electric, power from RSPU or GP28P Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1957
Status: Operational, stored. Notes: None

Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Minneapolis, MN Current Number: BN 972551 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1925, #66278 History: ex NP 45, nee NP 41
Power: Electric, power from RSPU or GP28P Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1967
Status: Operational, last use reported 3/2001 Notes:

Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Glendive, MT Current Number: BN 972552
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 12/1907, 44700 History: ex GN X-1507, exx GN 95007, nee GN X-800
Power: Electric, power from RSPU 972575 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 12/1963; overhauled 1994
Status: Operational, last use reported 3/2001 Notes: None

Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Minot, ND Current Number: BN 972554
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Schenectady), 11/1937, #69029 History: nee NP 42
Power: Electric, power from RSPU 972570 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1958; rebuilt 12/1965
Status: Operational, stored Notes: Last ALCo-built rotary

Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Whitefish, MT Current Number: BN 972555 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1925, #65423 History: ex GN X-1509(2nd), nee GN 95009
Power: Electric, power from RSPU or GP28P Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1960
Status: Operational, stored Notes: Called out for snow removal 1/1997, but not used due to poor condition

Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Lincoln, NE Current Number: BN 972558 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 10/1915, #55013 History: ex CB&Q 205099, nee CB&Q 205028
Power: Electric, power from RPSU 972573 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 12/1949
Status: Destroyed by blade failure in operation, 3/2001 Notes: The first steam plow converted to electric power

Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Alliance, NE Current Number: BN 972559 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 9/1915, #54787 History: ex NP 47, ex NP 46, nee CR&NW X-4
Power: Electric, power from RSPU #972572 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1966
Status: Operational, last use reported 3/2001 Notes: None

Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Tacoma, WA Current Number: BN 972561
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Brooks), 11/1927, #67540 History: nee GN X-1510
Power: Electric, power from RSPU 972577 Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1961
Status: Operational, stored, last use reported winter 1992-93 Notes: None

Owner, Location: Camas Prairie RailNet, Lewiston, ID Current Number: CPRN 24
Builder, Date, Number: Portland Locomotive Works (Maine), 1/1891, #34 History: nee NP 6
Power: Steam (possibly converted) Modifications: Unknown
Status: Retired 1974, stored Notes: Last Portland-built rotary. May have been sold or scrapped.

Owner, Location: Camas Prairie RailNet, Lewiston, ID Current Number: CPRN 26
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 12/1907, #44701 History: assigned BN 972553 but not renumbered, ex GN X-1508, exx GN 95008, nee GN X-801
Power: Electric, power from any available locomotive Modifications: Converted from steam, date unknown
Status: Operational, last use reported winter 1993-94 Notes: Sold to Camas Prairie 3 April 1974

Owner, Location: Colorado Railroad Museum, Golden, CO Current Number: C&S 99201 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Cooke, 1/1900, #59 History: ex C&S 0270, nee C&S 03
Power: Steam Modifications: Converted from 3 foot gauge to standard gauge soon after delivery; back to 3 foot gauge in 1935, to standard gauge in 1943; rebuilt 1949
Status: Display Notes: None

Owner, Location: Lake Superior Museum of Transport, Duluth, MN Current Number: NP 2
Builder, Date, Number: Cooke, 12/1887, #7 History: No renumberings
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Display Notes: None

Owner, Location: Puget Sound and Snoqualmie Railroad, Snoqualmie, WA Current Number: NP 10 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1907, 44037 History: No renumberings
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Display; recently restored Notes: None

Owner, Location: Unknown owner, Breckenridge, CO Current Number: "DL&G 01"
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 2/1889, #26 History: ex C&S 99200, exx DL&G 064, nee DSP&P 011
Power: Steam Modifications: Unknown
Status: Stored, condition unknown Notes: Retired 3/1951

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Alaskan Rotary Snowplows
Listed in order by current owner, then by current number
Owner, Location: Alaska Railroad, Anchorage, AK Current Number: ARR 3 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 4/1930, #66424 History: No renumberings
Power: Electric, power from a slug mother/locomotive Modifications: Converted from steam power, circa 1960; rebuilt 1985
Status: Operational, last use reported 1995 Notes: None

Owner, Location: Alaska Railroad, Anchorage, AK Current Number: ARR 4 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 8/1908, #45425 History: ex CMStP&P (MILW) X900207, nee CM&StP 10
Power: Electric Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1958
Status: Stored Notes: To ARR 1981, retired 1984

Owner, Location: Unknown Current Number: Unknown
Builder, Date, Number: Cooke, 9/1900, #61 History: nee WP&Y 2
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Unknown, probably stored Notes: Probably sold to Georgetown Loop RR, but not confirmed. No longer stored at Sumpter, OR.

Owner, Location: White Pass & Yukon, Skagway, AK Current Number: WP&Y 1
Builder, Date, Number: Cooke, 1898, #56 History: No renumberings
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Operational, used annually Notes: 3 foot gauge

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Rio Grande Rotary Snowplows
Listed in order by current owner, then by current number
Owner, Location: Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railway, Chama, NM Current Number: D&RGW OM (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Cooke, 1/1889, #24 History: nee D&RG 1
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Stored, wooden body severely rotted Notes: 3 foot gauge

Owner, Location: Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railway, Chama, NM Current Number: CATS OY (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1923, #65053 History: nee D&RGW OY
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Operational, used annually Notes: 3 foot gauge

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Miscellaneous Rotary Snowplows
Listed in order by current owner, then by current number
Owner, Location: Canadian Railway Museum, Delson, Quebec Current Number: CN 55361 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Montreal), 12/1938. #67650 History: No renumberings
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Display Notes: None

Owner, Location: (Conrail), Buffalo, NY Current Number: CR 64599
Builder, Date, Number: Cooke, 1/1889, #28 History: ex CR 60021, exx NYC X-659, nee NYC&HR X-659
Power: Electric, power from a slug mother/locomotive Modifications: Converted from steam power, 1951; overhauled 1978
Status: Operational, last use reported winter 1993-94 Notes: Status following Conrail breakup is uncertain

Owner, Location: Nevada Northern Current Number: NN B
Builder, Date, Number: ALCo (Cooke), 11/1907, 44596 History: No renumberings
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Reported abandoned/derelict, 1986 Notes: None

Owner, Location: St. Maries River RR, St. Maries, ID Current Number: Unknown
Builder, Date, Number: Unknown History: Reportedly ex-CMStP&P (MILW)
Power: Assumed to be electric Modifications: Unknown
Status: Unknown Notes: Existence confirmed mid-1990's, but no details known

Owner, Location: Steamtown, Scranton, PA Current Number: LIRR 193 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Cooke, 11/1898, #55 History: No renumberings
Power: Steam Modifications: None known
Status: Stored, derelict Notes: None

Owner, Location: Unknown Museum, Bonanzaville (Fargo), ND Current Number: Unknown
Builder, Date, Number: History:
Power: Modifications:
Status: Museum/Display Notes: A previously unknown plow reported to be at a museum near Fargo, ND.

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Snowblower-Type Plows
Listed in order by current owner, then by current number
Owner, Location: Burlington Northern Santa Fe, Minneapolis, MN Current Number: BN 972560 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: William Bros Machinery, 3/1950, serial unknown History: ex NP 50, nee Bros Machinery demo
Power: Diesel, 16-567B Modifications: None known
Status: Operational, stored Notes: Prototype Bros-type plow, former demo unit

Owner, Location: Canadian National, Montreal, Quebec Current Number: CN 50560 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Alco, 5/1965, #76447 (S-4) History: nee CN 8032 (S-4)
Power: Diesel, 6-539, self propelled Modifications: Converted from an S-4 switcher, date unknown
Status: Operational, used in Tascherau Yard Notes: A former switcher fitted with a conventional plow at one end and a snowblower at the other end. Used to clear yard tracks and to load snow in gondolas for removal.

Owner, Location: (Conrail), Buffalo, NY Current Number: CR SB1000 (photo)
Builder, Date, Number: Belihack, Germany; circa 1990's History: No renumberings
Power: Diesel, self propelled Modifications: None known
Status: Operational Notes: Imported snowblower-type plow. Status following Conrail breakup is uncertain

Owner, Location: Manitou & Pikes Peak Railway, Manitou Springs, CO Current Number: M&PP 22
Builder, Date, Number: M&PP Shops, 1973-74, no serial History: No renumberings
Power: Diesel, 12 cylinder Cummins, self propelled (cog railway) Modifications: None known
Status: Operational, stored Notes: Snowblower-type plow, built using an airport runway snowblower and the frame of an old homebuilt Leslie-type rotary plow

Owner, Location: Red River Valley & Western, Breckenridge, MN Current Number: RRVW 113
Builder, Date, Number: William Bros Machinery, date and serial unknown History: ex BN 972566, exx GN, nee US Army
Power: Electric, power from a GP9 Modifications: None known
Status: Operational, last use reported winter 1996-97 Notes: None

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Motive Power Review
Compiled and Maintained by Andrew Toppan (actoppan@hazegray.org)
Copyright © 1994-2003 by Andrew Toppan
Reproduction, reuse or distribution without permission is prohibited