World Battleships List: Russian and Soviet Dreadnoughts
Revised 7 October 2001
Version 1.23
Compiled and Maintained by: Andrew Toppan (actoppan@hazegray.org)
URL: http://www.hazegray.org/navhist/battleships/
This list includes all Russian/Soviet post-Dreadnought Battleships,
Battlecruisers and Large Cruisers.
General Notes: Russian dreadnoughts were generally more lightly
armored than foreign ships. They were split between the Baltic and Black
Seas, and normally did not transfer between fleets. The ships generally
suffered from poor maintenance and frequent revolutions. Various
reconstructions were carried out, but the ships usually fell into
disrepair again. 1930's/WWII/postwar designs failed to produce any ships.
Most battleships were destroyed or damaged beyond repair before or during
WWII. The last battleships left service in the 1950's; they had been
inoperable or reduced to subsidiary duties for some time before that.
Gangut Class battleships
Displ: 23,360 tons normal; 25,850 tons full load
Dim: 594.5 x 87 x 30 ft
Prop: Steam turbines, 25 boilers, 4 shafts, 42,000 hp, 23 knots
Crew: 1126
Arm: 4 triple 12/52, 16 4.7/50, 4 47 mm, 4 18 inch TT (sub)
Armor: 3.9-8.9 inch belt, 1.5-3 inch decks, 7.9 inch barbettes,
12 inch turrets, 9.8 inch CT
Cross between battleship and battlecruiser, known as "Baltic
Dreadnoughts". Obsolete by the time they were finished. These ships
served in the Baltic throughout their careers, except as noted. All
ships to Bolshevik control 7-8/1917, demobilized 1/1918. All were in
very poor condition at the end of the Civil War and were effectively
out of commission. Survivors modernized 1920's and again 1930's,
receiving new boilers, clipper bows, raised forecastle, larger
superstructure, new fire controls, and large masts. Some 4.7 inch
guns and the cranes and seaplanes were removed just before WWII;
light AA added. Used as floating batteries during WWII with
crew reduced by 1/3 and some 4.7 inch removed.
Gangut
Built by Admiralty Yard, St. Petersburg. Laid down 16 June 1909,
launched 7 Oct 1911, completed 12/1914. Laid up late 1918.
Renamed Oktyabrskaya Revoluciya 27 May 1925, recommissioned
23 March 1926. New machinery fitted 1930's. Damaged by bombs
21 Sept 1941 and 4 April 1942, repaired by 11/1942. New armament
was 12 12 inch, 10 4.7 inch, 6 3 inch, 10 .5 inch MG, 89 .3 inch MG,
4 450 mm TT. Fitted with 4 dual 3 inch, 16 37 mm AA later in the
war. Operational as training ship at least until 1950, superstructure
and turrets removed 7/1956, hulk scrapped 1959.
Petropavlovsk
Built by Baltic Yard, St. Petersburg. Laid down 16 June 1909
(possibly 3 July 1909), launched 9 Sept 1911 (possibly 27 August
1911), completed 12/1914. Commissioned in the Red Navy 11/1918. Sunk
in shallow water by three torpedoes 17 Aug 1919. Salvaged and
repaired; renamed Marat 31 May 1921, recommissioned by the
Soviets 1922. Extensively reconstructed 1928-8 April 1931.
Sunk by bombs 23 Sept 1941 in shallow water; forward hull completely
destroyed. Partially salvaged and employed as a stationary artillery
battery. Returned to original name 31 May 1943. Reclassified as
a stationary artillery training ship 28 November 1950 and renamed
Volkhov. Reclassified as a stationary school ship 22 September
1951. Scrapped 1953.
Poltava
Built by Admiralty Yard, St. Petersburg. Laid down 16 June 1909,
launched 19 July 1911, completed 17 Dec 1914. Laid up late 1918,
severely damaged by fire 24 Nov 1919, deemed not worth repairing.
Experimental hulk 1925, renamed Frunze 7 Jan 1926. Repairs
started 1928, cancelled mid 1930's. Plans to rebuild as a
battlecruiser or carrier cancelled. Used as barracks hulk and stripped
for parts. Scuttled as blockship 1941, raised 1944, scrapped 1956.
Sevastopol
Built by Baltic Yard, St. Petersburg. Laid down 16 June 1909,
launched 27 June 1911, completed 17 Nov 1914. Laid up late 1918.
Renamed Parizhskaya Kommuna 31 March 1921, recommissioned 1923.
Overhauled, recommissioned 17 Sept 1925. Transferred to the
Black Sea 1929-1930. Bulged 1930's. Damaged by bombs 1943 and
remained inactive for some time. Returned to original name 1943.
1944 armament was 12 12 inch, 12 4.7 inch, 6 3 inch, 12 37 mm, 14 .5
inch MG. Training ship postwar, scrapped 1957.
Imperatritsa Mariya Class battleships
Displ: 22,600 tons normal; 24,000 tons full load
(Ekaterina: 23,873 tons normal; 24,960 tons full load)
Dim: 550.5 x 89.5 x 27.5 ft (Ekaterina: 557 x 91.5 x 27.5 ft)
Prop: Steam turbines, 20 boilers, 4 shafts, 26,500 hp, 21 knots
Crew: 1220
Arm: 4 triple 12.52, 20 5.1/55, 8 75 mm, 4 47 mm, 4 MG, 4 18 inch TT (sub)
Armor: 5-11 inch belt, 3 inch decks, 10 inch barbettes, 12 inch turrets,
12 inch CT
Improved Gangut design. All served in the Black Sea.
Imperatritsa Mariya
Built by Russud Yard, Nikolayev. Laid down 30 Oct 1911, launched
1 Nov 1913, completed 6 July 1915. Destroyed by powder explosion
20 Oct 1916. Raised 1918, scrapped 1922.
Volya (ex Imperator Aleksander III)
Built by Russud Yard, Nikolayev. Laid down 30 Oct 1911, launched
15 April 1914, renamed 29 April 1917, completed 28 June 1917.
To independent Ukraine 29 April 1918, seized by the Germans
and commissioned 15 Oct 1918. To the British 11/1918, to the
White Russians as General Alekseev 17 Oct 1919. Interned
at Bizerta following the White Russian's collapse 8/1920.
Decommissioned 1924, scrapped by the French by 1936.
Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya (ex Ekaterina II)
Built by Nikolayev. Laid down 30 Oct 1911, launched 6 June 1911,
renamed 27 June 1915, completed 18 Oct 1915. Renamed Svobodnaya
Rossiya 29 April 1917. To Bolshevik control 4/1918, sunk
18 June 1918 to prevent capture by the Germans.
Imperator Nikolai I Class battleship
Displ: 27,300 tons normal
Dim: 616.5 x 94.5 x 26.5 ft
Prop: Steam turbines, 20 boilers, 4 shafts, 27,300 hp, 21 knots
Crew: 1252
Arm: 4 triple 12/52, 20 single 5.1/55, 8 75 mm, 4 47 mm, 4 18 inch TT (sub)
Armor: 3.9-12 inch belt, 4 inch decks, 10 inch barbettes, 12 inch turrets,
12 inch CT
Improved version of the previous class. Would have served in
the Black Sea.
Imperator Nikolai I
Built by Russus Yard, Nikolayev. Laid down 28 Jan 1915, launched
18 Oct 1916, renamed Demokratiya 29 April 1917. Captured by the
Germans 2/1918, destroyed by the Allies 1919 to prevent capture
by the Russians. Hulk scrapped 1923-24.
Borodino Class battlecruisers
Displ: 32,500 tons normal; 38,000 tons full load
Dim: 750 x 100 x 33.5 ft
Prop: Steam turbines, 25 boilers, 4 shafts, 68,000 hp, 26.5 knots
Crew: about 1250
Arm: 4 triple 14/52, 24 single 5.1/55, 4 63 mm, 4 MG, 6 21 inch TT
Armor: 3.9-9.4 inch belt, 2.4 inch deck, 9.8 inch barbettes, 12 inch
turrets, 15.7 inch CT
All delayed by lack of materials and labor problems. Would have served
in the Baltic Sea.
Borodino
Built by Admiralty Yard, St. Petersburg. Laid down 19 Dec 1913,
launched 1 July 1915. Suspended 1917. Sold to Germany 1922,
scrapped 1923.
Izmail
Built by Baltic Yard, St. Petersburg. Laid down 19 Dec 1913,
launched 27 June 1915. Suspended and laid up. Plans for
completion to modernized design or as aircraft carrier cancelled,
scrapped 1931.
Kinburn
Built by Baltic Yard, St. Petersburg. Laid down 19 Dec 1913,
launched 30 Oct 1915. Suspended 1917. Sold to Germany 1922,
scrapped 1923.
Navarin
Built by Admiralty Yard, St. Petersburg. Laid down 19 Dec 1913,
launched 9 Nov 1916. Suspended 1917. Sold to Germany 1922,
scrapped 1923.
Sovyetskiy Soyuz Class battleships
Displ: 59,150 tons normal; 65,150 tons full load
Dim: 883 x 127.5 x 34 ft
Prop: Steam turbines, 12 420 psi boilers, 3 shafts, 231,000 hp, 28 knots
Crew: 1664
Arm: 3 triple 16/50, 6 dual 6/57, 4 dual 3.9/56, 16 dual 37 mm, 8 .50 cal MG
Armor: 14.8-16.7 inch belt, 5.9 inch deck, 19.5 inch turrets, 16.7 inch CT
Original planned completion date was 1941.
Sovyetskiy Soyuz
Built by Baltic Shipyard. Laid down 15 July 1938, suspended
10 July 1941. Plans for completion postwar cancelled, scrapped
1948-1949.
Sovyetskaya Ukraina
Built by Marti Yard, Nikolayev. Laid down 31 Oct 1938,
suspended 10 July 1941 when 66% complete. Captured by the Germans
and partially scrapped, remains of hulk damaged during the
war and scrapped 1946.
Sovyetskaya Byelorussiya
Built by the Molotovosk Yard. Laid down 21 Dec 1939,
cancelled 19 Oct 1940. Scrapped 1945-1946.
Sovyetskaya Rossiya
Laid down at Molotovosk Yard 1940. Scrapped after 100
tons had been assembled.
Kronshtadt Class large cruisers
Displ: 35,240 tons standard; 38,360 tons full load
Dim: 821.5 x 103.5 x 29 ft
Prop: Steam turbines, 12 420 psi boilers, 3 shafts, 210,000 hp, 32 knots
Crew: ???
Arm: 3 triple 12/54, 4 dual 6/57, 4 dual 3.9/56, 6 quad 37 mm, 8 .50 cal MG
Armor: 9 inch belt, 3.5 inch deck, 12 inch turrets
Redesigned 1940 to use 3 dual 15" turrets provided by Germany
Kronshtadt
Laid down 30 Nov 1939 at Marti Yard, Leningrad, cancelled.
Scrapped 1950's.
Sevastopol
Laid down 5 Nov 1939 at 61 Kommunar Yard, Nikolayev. Captured and
destroyed by the Germans.
Royal Sovereign Class battleship
Displ: 33,000+ tons deep load
Dim: 624 x 88.5 x 28.5 ft
Prop: Steam turbines, 18 boilers, 40,000 hp, 23 knots
Crew: ???
Arm: 4 dual 15/42, 8 single 6/45, 4 dual 4 inch AA, 4 quad 2 lb AA,
30+ 20 mm AA
Armor: 1-13 inch belt, 1-2 inch decks, 4-10 inch barbettes, 13 inch (max)
turrets, 11 inch CT
British battleship received as war reparations, pending the
arrival of and ex-Italian ship.
Arkhangelsk (ex British Royal Sovereign)
Built by Portsmouth Navy. Laid down 15 Jan 1914, launched
29 April 1915, completed 5/1916. Fitted with bulges 1920.
To the USSR 30 May 1944. Returned 9 Feb 1949, sold 5 April 1949,
scrapped.
Conte Di Cavour Class battleship
Displ: 29,032 tons deep load
Dim: 611.5 x 92 x 34 ft
Prop: Steam turbines, 8 boilers, 2 shafts, 75,000 hp, 27 knots.
Crew: ???
Arm: 2 triple, 2 dual 12.59/43.8, 6 dual 4.72/50, 4 triple 3.93/47,
6 dual 37 mm, 8 dual 20 mm
Armor: 10 inch belt, 11 inch barbettes, 10 inch CT
Italian battleship received as war reparations.
Novorossiysk (ex Italian Giulio Cesare)
Built by Ansaldo, Genoa. Laid down 24 June 1910, launched
15 Oct 1911, completed 14 May 1914. Reconstructed 10/1933 to
10/1937 at Genoa. Renamed Z11 after WWII, to Russia 15 Dec 1948,
sunk on German ground mine 29 Oct 1955.
Stalingrad Class large cruisers
Displ: 36,500 tons standard; 42,300 tons full load
Dim: 897.5 x 105 x 30 ft
Prop: Steam turbines, 280,000 hp, 35.3 knots
Crew: 1700
Arm: 3 triple 12/50, 6 dual 5.1 inch, 6 quad 45 mm, 10 quad 25 mm
Armor: 7 inch belt, 9.5 inch turrets
Started as modified Kronshtadt design, but evolved
into a very different ship. Cancelled soon after being
laid down, hulls scrapped.
Stalingrad
Built by Nikolayev. Laid down 5 Dec 1952. Part of
hull launched 1954 for armor trials, then scrapped.
Moskva
Built by Baltic Yard. Laid down 10/1952.
Kronshtadt
Built by Molotovsk Yard. Laid down 5/1955. This ship was
redesigned as a missile cruiser, but that project was cancelled
10/1955.
(unnamed)
(unnamed)
(unnamed)
These three ships were planned but never laid down.
The World Battleship Lists
Compiled and Maintained by Andrew Toppan (actoppan@hazegray.org)
Copyright © 1995-2003 by Andrew Toppan
Reproduction, reuse or distribution without permission is prohibited