The first Peacock was authorized by Act of Congress 3 March 1813; laid down 9 July 1813 by Adam & Noah Brown at the New York Navy Yard; and launched 19 September 1813.

During the War of 1812, Peacock made 3 cruises. Departing New York 12 March 1814, she sailed, with supplies, to the naval station at St. Mary's, Ga. Off Cape Canaveral, Fla. 29 April, she captured her first prize, H.M. brig Epervier, which she sent to Savannah. Peacock departed that port 4 June on her second cruise; proceeding to the Grand Banks and along the coasts of Ireland and Spain, she returned, via the West Indies, to New York. The sloop captured 14 enemy vessels of various sizes during this journey.

Peacock departed New York 23 January 1815 with Hornet and Tom Bowline and rounded the Cape of Good Hope into the Indian Ocean, where she captured 3 valuable prizes. On 30 June she captured cruiser Na utilus in the Straits of Sunda; learning of peace, Peacock's commander released the prize and returned to New York, 30 October.

Peacock left this port again 13 June 1816, bound for France, with Hon. Albert Gallatin and party aboard. After pulling into Havre de Grace 2 July, she proceeded to join the Mediterranean Squadron. But for a year of Mediterranean- United States- and return transit, 15 November 1818-17 November 1819, the sloop remained with this squadron until 8 May 1821, when she departed for home; she then went into ordinary at the Washington Navy Yard 10 July.

Pirates were ravaging West Indian shipping in the 1820's and on 3 June 1822, Peacock became flagship of Commodore Porter's "Mosquito Fleet," that boldly rooted out the pirate menace. Peacock served in the expedition that broke up a pirate establishment at Funda Bay, 28-30 September, capturing several schooners. Peacock captured schooner Pilot 10 April 1823 and another sloop the 16th. In September, "malignant" fever necessitated a recess from activities, and Peacock pulled into Norfolk 28 November for a breather.

In March 1824, the sloop proceeded to the Pacific and for some months cruised along the west coast of South America, where the colonies were struggling for independence. In September 1825, Peacock sailed to Hawaii, where a treaty of friendship, commerce and navigation was negotiated. From 24 July 1926 util 6 January 1827, the sloop visited other commerce and the whaling America from Hawaii, to protect American commerce and the whaling industry. On the return to South America from Hawaii, the ship was struck by a whale, causing the serious damage. Nevertheless she reached Callao, from which departed 25 June for New York.

Arriving New York in October 1827, the sloop decommissioned and was broken up at New York in 1829.